We study an information-sale problem in which a monopolist proxy advisor sells recommendations to a firm's shareholders for corporate voting. We find that even an unconflicted proxy advisor skews its recommendations based on its clients' beliefs or preferences. The firm value is determined by a...

When banks choose similar investment strategies, the financial system becomes vulnerable to common shocks. Banks decide about their investment strategy ex-ante based on a private belief about the state of the world and a social belief formed from observing the actions of peers. When the social...