GFCI 2 shows similar findings to GFCI 1, with London edging slightly further ahead of New York. London is seen as remaining foremost in all areas of competitiveness – people, business environment, market access, infrastructure and general competitiveness

The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) was launched on 1 January 2018. It is envisaged that the AIFC will create an attractive environment for various financial activities. To accomplish this goal, one major feature of the AIFC is that it will operate an independent legal regime based...

Qatar and Dubai have established financial centres which have been based upon the common law jurisdiction of England and Wales because of the advantages such a system can give to the development of their respective financial services industries. The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) and the Dubai...

This paper investigates the determinants and impact of the co-evolution between the international financial markets and the offshore financial centre Luxembourg since the late 1950s. It argues for a historic understanding of decisive, time-sensitive environments that helped Luxembourg to emerge,...

Dual class shares (DCS) offer additional classes of shares that provide holders with greater voting rights. The paper aims to investigate why leading financial centres have different attitudes towards DCS, with a focus on the recent reforms of their company law and listing rules with respect to DCS

This paper focuses on global financial centres, which played a key role in the financial crisis of 2008. The trade in derivatives, despite being limited in large part to Europe and the USA, significantly influenced the global economy and the competitiveness of financial centres. This study...