Purpose: On the one hand, the increasing growth in vessel size and land-based capacity constraints raise the need for optimizing the layout and process design at container terminals. On the other hand, the temporary storage of containers in the yard decouples the material flow of incoming and...

Purpose: In the last decades, the transport capacities of container vessels have tremendously increased. This leads to longer berth times and greater peak loads at container terminals, especially when schedules are perturbed. Thus, existing container handling processes need to be re-evaluated...