We explore the issue of supply chain coordination by considering trade credit and its risk. It shows that, in a retailer–manufacturer system, the manufacturer may deliver less than the retailer׳s order quantity when the payment is delayed, and the manufacturer׳s risk aversion makes this...

This paper investigates generators’ strategic behaviors in contract signing in the forward market and power transaction in the electricity spot market. A stochastic equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints (SEPEC) model is proposed to characterize the interaction of generators’...

Conditional value at risk (CVaR) has been widely used as a risk measure in finance. When the confidence level of CVaR is set close to 1, the CVaR risk measure approximates the extreme (worst scenario) risk measure. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the...

This paper investigates generators’ strategic behaviors in contract signing in the forward market and power transaction in the electricity spot market. A stochastic equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints (SEPEC) model is proposed to characterize the interaction of generators’...

We consider a class of stochastic multiobjective problems with complementarity constraints (SMOPCCs) in this paper. We derive the first-order optimality conditions including the Clarke/Mordukhovich/strong-type stationarity in the Pareto sense for the SMOPCC. Since these first-order optimality...