Shipping was central to the rise of the Atlantic economies, but an extremely hazardous activity: in the 1780s, roughly … shipping technology was stagnant before iron steamships, in this paper we demonstrate that between the 1780s and 1820s, a … safety revolution occurred that saw shipping losses and insurance rates on oceanic routes almost halved thanks to steady …

The domestic shipping industry has a crucial role in the Philippine economy as it serves as the backbone supporting … with interrelated consequences such as high cost of shipping, low quality of services and high frequency of maritime … comparative data reveals that the country's shipping vessels remain older and smaller, on average, than in other Asian countries …