Media, telecommunications, and computing/information systems (commonly referred to as information and communication technology, or ICT) have long been associated with economic development and social/cultural change. Historically, analyses of ICT and social change have relied on measures of the...

The impacts of disaster events such as earthquakes on economic and human lives are increasing every year, in particular due to the growing urbanization. Until recently, stakeholders involved in disaster risk management focused their efforts mainly on the response phase, immediately after the...

Over the past decade, authorities invested highly in public service provision over the Internet via portals. Back office systems of authorities collect and store data entered by citizens and enterprises to support decision-making by civilians. The data represents both the state of citizens and...