market reforms implemented in Germany between 2003 and 2005. I exploit regional variation in the intensity German counties … find that the increase in inequality is partly due to a direct monetary impact of the last Hartz reform, Hartz IV, on the …

restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment … Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline in unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed …

restrictive and sometimes pro-cyclical fiscal policies and overly moderate wage policies in Germany since the mid 1990s. This view … Germany urgently needs more expansive fiscal and monetary policies in the short run, and that in the medium run the conditions … for nominal wage growth in Germany according to the sum of long run national productivity growth and the ECB's inflation …

calculation, the export-oriented manufacturing sector of Germany experienced a decrease in unit labour costs by 25% between the …