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envelope wages during the last 12 months amounting on average to two-fifths of their gross annual wage. Revealing how although … einen deklarierten Lohn als auch einen undeklarierten, sog. `Briefumschlag-Lohn' bezahlen. Dazu wurde eine umfangreiche …
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Recently, there has been growing recognition that some formal employees receive from their formal employers two wages … employees surveyed received under-reported wages by an amount that averaged 39 per cent of their net salary, and that in just … analysis reveals no association between employees receiving under-reported wages and the perceived level of penalties and risk …
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What are the sources of wage growth in developing countries? In the US, general labor market experience is the key source of wage growth, with job seniority playing a smaller role. By contrast, in Indonesia, the 10-year return to seniority is 24 to 29%, which is higher than the return to...
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Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: I employ the propensity score matching (PSM) technique and use data from the Polish Labour Force...
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This paper studies the impact of import competition from China on informality and wages in the Peruvian manufacturing … surge in imports from China on the likelihood of being hired in the informal sector and on wages in both the formal and … among workers with only elementary educationarguably one of the less-skilled groups. Regarding the impact on real wages, we …
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