The effectiveness of any competition authorities' enforcement depends as much on the actual implementation of the adopted decisions as on the investigation of the infringements and the finding of liability. Once liability has been established, re-establishing the conditions for effective...

This paper explores the expertise of field-level advisors in rural land management. The context is the English uplands and negotiation over a Higher Level Stewardship agreement. An observed encounter between a hill farmer, his retained land agent, and an ecologist working for Natural England...

The concept of risk-based capital requirements enjoys widespread support. Effective implementation, however, requires that risk be measured accurately both across borrowers and across time. Under the New Capital Accord, the cornerstone of this risk measurement process is the rating of the...