We derive a consistent valuation approach that integrates the interdependent effects of cash dividends, share repurchases and active debt management while considering personal taxes. The valuation approach is based on the assumption that a predetermined proportion of the flow to equity is used...

We derive a consistent valuation approach integrating the interdependent effects of cash dividends, share repurchases, and active debt management while considering personal taxes. Additionally, we identify effects of share repurchases on the cost of equity by deriving appropriate adjustment...