We show that board interlocks transmit bank shocks into the real economy using a sample of 1,245 U.S. bank enforcement actions (EAs) between 1990 and 2017. When a non-financial firm (NFF) and bank share a common director, NFF stock prices decline around bank EA issue dates. The effect is...

This paper reexamines whether investors value payout and why. I study abnormal stock returns around regulatory enforcement actions that restrict bank dividends and repurchases. Market reactions are significantly worse for enforced banks that pay out than for those that do not. Withstanding...

In April 2012, Delta Air Lines (Delta) purchased a mothballed oil refinery. We use this case to illustrate when, how, and why vertical integration can hedge input price risk. First, we show that stockholders and creditors expected the move to create wealth. Consistent with their predictions,...

We propose a parsimonious metric – the Adjusted Benford score (AB-score) – to improve the detection of financial misstatements. Based on Benford's Law, which predicts the leading-digit distribution of naturally occurring numbers, the AB-score estimates a firm-year's likelihood of financial...

Evidence on how bank merger and acquisition (M&A) affects bank customers is mixed. I reexamine deposit and loan volumes and prices around all 2,673 ownership-changing U.S. bank M&As between 1998 and 2016. M&A impacts target markets differently based on their deposit-loan imbalance. In markets...

This paper studies how a recent, substantial increase in the deposit insurance ceiling impacts discretion in banks’ loan loss provisions (LLP). We compare affected and exogenously unaffected banks using propensity-score-matched difference-in-differences. Affected banks post higher values of...