impulse response analysis shows that an exogenous increase in the change in NPL ratios tends to depress bank lending volumes …, widens bank lending spreads and leads to a fall in real GDP growth and residential real estate prices; ii) A forecast error …

legal impediments for the transfer of these loans to non-bank credit purchasers. Currently, the fragmented legal framework … legislative proposals, being: (i) a proposal for a Directive on Credit Servicers, Credit Purchasers and the Recovery of Collateral … covers the NPL Directive that seeks to address the issue of piling up NPLs held by credit institutions. For that purpose, the …

ratio a bank would experience if it were fully efficient at credit-risk evaluation and loan monitoring, represents the …, a minimum ratio that represents best-practice lending given the volume and composition of a bank's loans, the average … concentration; and, second, a ratio, the difference between the bank's observed ratio of nonperforming loans and the best …

: first, a minimum ratio that represents best-practice lending given the volume and composition of a bank's loans, the average … concentration; second, a ratio, the difference between the bank's observed ratio of nonperforming loans, adjusted for statistical … noise, and the best-practice minimum ratio, that represents the bank's proficiency at loan making; third, a statistical …