to the analysis of the emergence of secondary markets from the flow part of the economy. Real and nominal residuals at …

, the thinning operators make residuals unobservable and are the main difficulty in developing diagnostic tools for … assess probabilistic forecasts, and this new residual is supplemented by a modified usual residuals. Under integer …-valued autoregressive (INAR) models, the properties of these two residuals are investigated and used to evaluate the predictive performance …

empirical processes based on the standardized residuals and their squares. For calculating P-values, the parametric bootstrap …, using both the standardized residuals and their squares. …

the innovations and, in a second step, tests for conditional asymmetry are performed on generalized residuals through …

The residuals obtained from fitting a structural equation model are crucial ingredients in obtaining chi …-square goodness-of-fit statistics for the model. The authors present a didactic discussion of the residuals, obtaining a geometrical … interpretation by recognizing the residuals as the result of oblique projections. This sheds light on the concept of degrees of …

residuals, that incorporates the process input and output variables. A simulation approach is adopted to investigate the …