. We find that lower trading partner demand was a key external factor in explaining these events during 2011–13, and that … effect of the weaker external demand. Idiosyncratic factors, such as structural bottlenecks with the potential to impair …

with demand-side stimulus and underscore the need for ambitious structural reforms to secure strong growth over the medium …

countries/regions over the period 1979Q2–2011Q2, to discriminate between supply-driven and demand-driven oil-price shocks and … consequences of a supply-driven oil-price shock are very different from those of an oil-demand shock driven by global economic …-exporting countries that possess large proven oil/gas reserves. However, in response to an oil-demand disturbance, almost all countries in …

strongest driver of this shift. Much of this impact unfolds through aggregate demand impulse from trade. As fiscal policy …

. Simulation results suggest a prominent role of foreign demand shocks (euro area and global) in driving Poland’s output …

reductions in unit labor costs due to labor shedding. While exports have typically rebounded, subdued demand accounts for much of …) macroeconomic policies that support demand and bring inflation in line with the ECB’s medium-term price stability objective; (2 …

do not occur ceteris paribus. This makes it necessary to explicitly account for the demand and supply shocks underlying …

UK to (i) document these differences; (ii) estimate a demand system for food and nutrients, and (iii) simulate …

improve quality is that providers will face higher demand if they improve their quality. We test this crucial assumption in an …