Aquatic agricultural systems (AAS) are food production systems in which the productivity of freshwater or coastal ecosystems contributes significantly to total household nutrition, food security, and income in developing countries. The Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research...

This report is a contribution to an assessment of the current status of agriculture in Cambodia, focusing on the linkages between agriculture and water, mainly in the form of irrigation. It seeks to view current government policies on agriculture and irrigation in the context of experiences on...

This report analyzes the experience of Albania with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) process. The focus of the report is on evaluating the performance of the World Bank in supporting the PRSP initiative, not on appraising the authorities policies. The main emphasis of the report is on...

Modern psychology confirms that in order to adapt to the demands of a changing, sometimes hostile environment, and organisms must be able to profit from past experience. Therefore the textbook definition of learning is in three parts: (i) to find out how the operating environment works; (ii) to...

Although poverty has declined rapidly over the past three decades, humanity still faces urgent and complex challenges. The World Bank Group has established ambitious but achievable goals to anchor its overarching mission and to galvanize international and national efforts in this endeavor....

This paper attempts an evaluation of World Bank s assistance to China for poverty reduction during the 1990s. It begins with a summary of China's performance in poverty reduction during the decade as a backdrop to the subject in section two. Section three, presents an analysis of the causes why...

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) launched the poverty reduction strategy (PRS) initiative in 1999 to improve the planning, implementation, and monitoring of public actions geared toward reducing poverty. The PRS paper and poverty reduction and growth facility (PRGF) were...

This report analyzes the experience of Cambodia with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) process3. The focus of the report is on evaluating the performance of the World Bank in supporting the PRSP initiative, not on appraising the authorities policies. Given the early stage of the PRS...

This evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Poverty Reduction Growth Facility (PRGF) processes in Tanzania was jointly undertaken by the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) of the World Bank and the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the IMF. The goal of the...

Since the 1980s and early 1990s, the World Bank has been supporting projects that involve communities own development. This has been largely manifested in the design and implementation of community-based development (CBD) and community-driven development (CDD) initiatives, with the latter...