preferences as arising from the non-compliance of mothers to the availability of grandparents and from preferences of grandparents … grandparental childcare on mothers' labour supply is positive, statistically significant and economically relevant. The effect is … stronger for lower educated mothers, with young children and living in the North and Centre. …

after the reform implementation. Only for high-income mothers, the reform produced a significant decrease in the employment … studies the impact of the substantial change in Germany’s parental leave system on maternal employment. The aim of the reform … was to decrease birth-related maternal employment breaks by providing more generous parental benefits for a shorter period …

between mothers’ LFP and daughters’ LFP and fertility choices. We show that even though grandmothers who participate in the … labor force. This can be explained by the increase in family income as a result of mothers’ LFP offsetting the influence of …