, the employment of mothers, and especially mothers with young children, is lower. This paper proposes a four …How does the structure of a country's childcare market influence maternal employment? Childcare markets vary across … countries, leading mothers to rely on various forms of care depending on what is available to them in both the public (state …

This study examines how and to what extent a couple’s education is associated with married women’s employment and the …). Overall, Denmark and Norway show the highest level of married women’s employment and no motherhood penalty. Our findings … the United States and Italy. We also find significant variation in married women’s employment in East Asian countries …

higher maternal employment, an around 25% higher employment rate compared to the baseline of mothers with a child aged 2 … effect is higher for mothers with 3 children, living in villages, or municipalities without nurseries. The employment effect …This paper examines the effect of childcare availability on maternal employment in Hungary based on 2016 Microcensus …

licensed childcare centers in Japan, on mothers' employment and earnings. We focus on mothers with children less than two years … accredited childcare center increases the employment rate of mothers of zero- and one-year-old children by 40.3 and 18 ….8 percentage points, respectively. The effect of such enrollment on mothers' annual salary is mostly explained by the extensive …

parental leave affect mothers' labour market entry after childbirth. For each country, periods according to the different … policy reforms are analysed and data from the Generations and Gender Survey are used to account for changes in mothers … that the introduction of more flexibility into the leave legislation in 2008 increased mothers' relative risks of labour …