Their strong macroeconomic position when the financial crisis erupted allowed Latin American economies to mitigate its impact through fiscal expansions, reversing the characteristic procyclical behaviour of fiscal policy. At the same time, in the last two decades fiscal rules have been...

Unemployment insurance in the United States is one of the fiscal risk-sharing mechanisms designed to mitigate the negative consequences of economic shocks. The system is based on complementary federal and state benefits, which behave very differently during normal and crisis periods. Thus,...

Loans to Member States under the SURE programme were part of the unprecedented European Union (EU) response to the COVID-19 crisis in 2020-2021. Resources were used to finance countries’ public spending on temporary unemployment schemes. The EU raised funds on the capital markets by issuing...

Central bank liquidity lines have gained momentum since the global financial crisis as a crosscurrency liquidity management tool. We provide a complete timeline of the ECB liquidity line announcements and study their signalling and spillback effects. The announcement of an ECB euro liquidity...

Artículo de revista ; Este artículo describe las principales características del acuerdo comercial alcanzado entre la Unión Europea (UE) y el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) en 2019, y presenta estimaciones de su posible impacto sobre los flujos comerciales y sobre el PIB en las dos...

Artículo de revista ; This article describes the main characteristics of the trade agreement reached between the European Union (EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) in 2019 and presents estimates of its possible impact on trade and GDP in the two areas." "It is an ambitious...