The last review of the ECB’s monetary policy strategy in 2003 followed a period of predominantly upside risks to price stability. Experience following the 2008 financial crisis has focused renewed attention on the question of how monetary and fiscal policy should best interact, in particular...

La pandemia de COVID-19 provocó algunas distorsiones en el comercio internacional, la mayoría de carácter temporal, ya que los flujos comerciales internacionales de bienes recuperaron sus niveles previos a la pandemia a finales de 2020. En todo caso, los factores geopolíticos están ganando...

The COVID-19 pandemic initially caused some international trade distortions, most of which were temporary, since international goods trade flows recovered their pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020. Against this background, geopolitical factors are gaining traction in shaping cross-border...