We examine the impact of two important non-tariff measures presumed to simultaneously affect firms’ decisions to export … Africa’s exports of tomatoes to the EU from 2008 to 2013, using the gravity model of trade. Our results show that at both the … the EU entry price system acts like an export tax, inhibiting tomatoes export to the EU, but only at the intensive margin. …

employer but also a significant source of export earnings and hence it has a high multiplier effect. This very fact makes … major export markets due to ever increasing complex nature of SPS measures administered by those markets although a number …

Africa. The literature, however, provides conflicting results about the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. In this … the poor in Africa. Interestingly, agricultural export is growth for the rich in Africa, although the elasticity of GDP is …-income countries in Africa may focus on non-agricultural export. …

Africa. The literature, however, provides conflicting results about the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. In this … the poor in Africa. Interestingly, agricultural export is growth for the rich in Africa, although the elasticity of GDP is …-income countries in Africa may focus on non-agricultural export …