down production. This paper asks whether foreign owners are more likely to close plants than domestic owners. In Indonesia … for plant size and productivity, we find that foreign plants are significantly more likely to close than comparable …

This paper provides empirical evidence of changes in the productivities of manufacturing firms in Indonesia over time …, in the form of total factor productivity (TFP), from 1990 to 2010 with and without considering carbon dioxide (CO2 …. The Malmquist productivity index is employed to estimate TFP without CO2 emissions over time, whereas the Malmquist …