Der westdeutsche Wiederaufbau nach 1945 erforderte umfangreiche gesamtwirtschaftliche Investitionen. Anfang der Fünfzigerjahre war die große Diskrepanz zwischen Kapitalnachfrage und -angebot das wirtschaftliche Kernproblem der jungen Bundesrepublik, bei dem sich der "funktionsunfähige"...

In this paper, we describe the emergence and evolution of pharmaceutical research at the German company E. Merck during the late 19th and early 20th century. Revolutionary changes in the scientific knowledge base, especially the rise of bacteriological research, and the market entry of dyestuff...

In this article, we evaluate underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) at the Berlin Stock Exchange between 1870 and 1896. In contrast to modern data, first day returns were extraordinary low and averaged less than five percent, even during the speculative period of the early 1870s....