We ask three questions. First, do election systems differ in how they translate physical attractiveness of candidates … German election system that combines first-past-the-post election with party-list proportional representation, our results …

We ask three questions. First, do election systems differ in how they translate physical attractiveness of candidates … German election system that combines first-past-the-post election with party-list proportional representation, our results …

We use a change in the voting procedures of one of the two chambers of the Swiss parliament to explore how transparency …

regional districts for elections to the European Parliament. Analysis of the 2001, 2004 and 2008 Senate elections suggests that … reforms. Examining the 2004 and 2009 European Parliament elections, we find that the change to eight regional districts had an … adverse effect on the election of female MEPs, primarily because fewer women headed the regional party lists. Party …