supermarket and traditional channel farmers. This study uses panel data from vegetable farmers in Kenya to examine the effects of …. Using these results for simple simulations suggests that wider participation of smallholders in supermarket channels could …

This paper describes the participation of smallholders in commercial horticultural farming in Kenya and identifies … employs panel survey data on smallholder producers of both international (export) and domestic market vegetables and controls … for unobserved heterogeneity across farmers. We find that participation of smallholders in both the domestic and export …

Kenya. Participation in supermarket channels is associated with a 50% gain in average household income, leading to …