distinguish exclusionary conduct from legitimate competition. Currently, there is no general consensus on the treatment of the … principles on foreclosure could prevent the use of an effective competitive tool and may result in reduced price competition and … protection of inefficient competitors. On the other hand, a total bundle predation-style safe harbor would not detect above …

Although network effects can make predation more likely to succeed, we find that the leading anti-predation rules may … widely thought to be correct in theory but difficult to apply in practice is, in fact, incorrect in theory; and (c) efficient …

We consider a dynamic platform competition in a market with network externalities. The incumbent platform enjoys a …