This paper documents the negative relationship between the age of cities and their average wages in Russia and a number of post-Soviet countries. To determine age-related urban characteristics responsible for this relationship, we develop a spatial equilibrium model as a framework to guide the...

1. Introduction -- 2. Gateway of Gothenburg -- 3. Bordeaux from Its Vineyards to Its Hinterland: A Regional Capital in the Late Middle Ages -- 4. Urban Networks on the Move: The Austrian Netherlands’ Transit Policy and the Development of the Belgian Urban Networks in the 18th Century...

It has been widely observed that China is under-urbanized. The central government has tried to use various policies to promote urbanization. In this paper, we evaluate one of these policies – count-to-city upgrading. Under China’s hierarchical governance structure, a city status can only be...