This monograph focuses on the use of incomplete contracting models to study transfer pricing. Intrafirm pricing mechanisms affect division managers' incentives to trade intermediate products and to undertake relationship-specific investments so as to increase the gains from trade. Letting...

The Koyoto Protocal requests countries to commit to greenhouse gas reduction policies. To meet the country-specific target agreed in the protocol, a key measure for such reduction is the issue of tradable CO2 emission allowances

MNEs have significantly changed their way of doing business such as from "a parent runs its distant foreign sourcing or distribution subsidiaries" into a more "global organization operating multi-cultural, multi-national business lines and value chains"

The variance in tax rates across different countries prompts many corporations which operate in more than one country to shift their profits to low-tax locations. This results in tax revenue loss to countries with high tax regimes. Transfer pricing (TP) legislation is used as a tool to curb tax...

Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit is become a challenging task for the policy makers to manage. Tax differentials have significant impact on the trade deficits, is well proved through research. It is also known fact that the international transfer pricing is used as a strategy by the...

Transnational corporations have long considered transfer pricing as a key tax concern. If stability in transfer pricing is a necessary condition for dynamic cross-border trading, then recent financial reporting changes, updated transfer pricing guidelines, and new reporting requirements for...

This study investigates how transfer pricing risk affects the premia in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Differences in the rigor of transfer pricing enforcement and the severity and clarity of rules across countries create risk of material costs for multinationals as they expand globally....

The arm’s length principle (ALP) is the cornerstone of multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) profit taxation. However, despite extensive improvements by the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project, two aspects of the ALP has been widely criticized. First, market jurisdictions...