This paper briefly highlights some of the most influential ideas in the literature on the economics of energy and (energy-related) climate change. This paper will use bibliometric evidence to examine the trends in related research over the last forty years, and analyse the explosion in energy...

Chapter from a book entitled Thermoeconomics, A Thermodynamic Approach to Economics (Third Edition), which deals with the relationships between the disciplines of thermodynamics and economics. Chapter 1 covers historical research on the disciplines, the structural comparisons between of the...

In Uttarakhand, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act (MGNREGS or MNREGA) started functioning in the initial year 2006 with three districts and later in all districts in three phases. MNREGA is an act, passed in 2005, after the implementation of which employment has become the...

This article sets out the importance of the Kyoto Protocol process to be decided at the Copenhagen COP XV Conference of December 2009. It clarifies the latest aspects of the clean development mechanism. It explains in practical terms, the relative negotiating positions adopted by developing and...

The article assesses the reasons why the government may be heading for a historic defeat over its plans to expand Heathrow. It shows how the people and organisations campaigning to stop the expansion learnt vital lessons from past defeats. It highlights three key tactics the campaigners have...

Cloud microphysical parameters, such as cloud droplet size (r), droplet number concentration (N<SUB align="right"><SMALL>d</SMALL></SUB>) and liquid water content (LWC), play an important role in the energy budgets of clouds, and thus the climate of the earth's atmosphere. The observations were collected during the North Atlantic...</small></sub>

This paper aims to present the role of oil in today’s world, society, and economy. It is important because anything nowadays is about oil, from economy, and society, to international politics. Since the development of air and road transportation, but especially after World War II, the transfer...

Benin covers a land area of 114,763 square kilometers and occupies a long stretch of land perpendicular to the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. It is bordered on the north by Burkina Faso and the Republic of Niger, on the east by the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and on the west by the...

Climate variability is a reality that is affecting rural livelihoods in West Africa today and presenting a growing challenge in the region, as in many other parts of the African continent and elsewhere. Climate change will have far-reaching consequences for the poor and marginalized groups among...

The Kingdom of Swaziland covers an area of 17,364 square kilometers bordered on the north, west, and south by the Republic of South Africa and on the east by Mozambique. The two major towns or cities are Mbabane, the capital city, and Manzini. The 2007 census put the population at 1.02 million,...