assessment of whether the crime declines can be attributed to the massive expansion of the U.S. criminal justice system. We argue …Crime rates in the United States have declined to historical lows since the early 1990s. Prison and jail incarceration … that the crime is certainly lower as results of this expansion and the crime rate in the early 1990s was likely a third …

known about the effects of private police on crime. The current study examines the relationship between a privately …-funded university police force and crime in a large U.S. city. Following an expansion of the jurisdictional boundary of the private … police force, we see no short-term change in crime. However, using a geographic regression discontinuity approach, we find …

-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little …We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the … evidence of an impact on violent crime rates in the state. Once changes in offense definitions and reporting practices in key …