Evidence suggests that foreign aid does not promote economic growth. Institutions which promote entrepreneurship do promote growth. Understanding where these institutions come from is paramount to success. This essay analyzes and summarizes theory and evidence regarding the relationship between...

This paper advocates a grass-roots, pragmatic approach to intellectual property and economic development in poor countries that focuses on how copyright and related institutions can support bottom-up growth. Two case studies inform this paper's analysis: The development of the country music...

In June 2005, the major industrialized nations of the world, the G-8, agreed on a plan to relieve the debt of the worlds poorest and most indebted nations. Many of the nations which qualified for debt relief under this initiative were in Africa. The plan, supported by the World Bank,...

This research is an attempt to explore what appears to be a contradictory development message coming out of Africa. On the one hand, several African nations are facing structural difficulties such as predatory regimes, political violence, civil wars, numerous diseases, and extreme poverty. An...

This entry discusses the main aspects of London's development since the expansion of the British empire in the nineteenth century. The keys to the city's transformation from imperial to postimperial urban center in the mid-twentieth century are highlighted in the first section. The entry then...

This article presents some building blocks for a transdisciplinary approach to the study of urbanism. By using the case of urban megaprojects research as an example of potential transdisciplinarity, the article explores concepts such as “centrality” and “bordering” in order to suggest...

This paper discusses contentious aspects in the planning and development of megaprojects in three cities around the world: Bilbao, Istanbul and Hong Kong. Our purpose is to lay out the variety of controversies, difficulties, obstacles, negative impacts and civic opposition associated to the...

This study investigates the impact of social and physical infrastructure spending on the non-oil tradable and non-tradable sectors while controlling for non-oil capital stock and employment in the Azerbaijani economy for the period 1995-2014. The analysis employs the Engle-Granger and...

In June 2013, the High-Level Conference of Middle-Income Countries held in Costa Rica, organised by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), ventured an intriguing look into the future of development. In particular, the conference highlighted the role of networks in...

According to the World Bank, in 2011, 415 million, that is 41.5 percent of the world's extremely poor, living on less than $1.25 a day, live in Saharan Africa. A situation where more than 415 million people in a sub region of the world still live in abject poverty should be of global concern not...