This paper tackles the ‘pollution haven’ argument by estimating the pollution content of imports (PCI). The PCI is then decomposed into three components: (i) a ‘deep’ component (i.e. traditional variables unrelated to the environmental debate); (ii) a factor endowment component and (iii)...

This book is organized as follows: this first chapter examines the pattern of structural transformation in Middle East and North Africa, or MENA and summarizes the role of various factors examined thoroughly in the rest of the volume. This second chapter examines the correlates of this overall...

The paper reviews recent evidence from a wide range of studies, recognizing that a multiplicity of approaches is needed to learn what works and what does not. The review concludes that there is some support for the emphasis on reducing trade costs through investments in hard infrastructure (like...

[eng] Devaluation and competitivity in Côte D'Ivoire. . This paper assesses the short-run effects on competitivity and output of the 100 per cent nominal devaluation of the CFA franc. We estimate with a computable general equili­brium model the degree of the real devaluation under different...

<heading implicit="yes" id="h1" level="1" format="display">Abstract</heading> The paper develops two synthetic measures at the HS-10 level to depict effective market access for a country receiving preferential access and applies these to the market access ASEAN members would receive following the implementation of an FTA with the EU. First, the measures show that...

Les accords commerciaux préférentiels, à la différence des unions douanières, utilisent les règles d'origine (RO) afin de prévenir l'entrée de biens par le pays de la zone dont le droit de douane est le plus faible. Les règles d'origine augmentent les coûts de production et créent des...

This paper discusses the state of knowledge about the trade-related environmental consequences of a country?s development strategy along three channels: (i) direct trade-environment linkages (overexploitation of natural resources and trade-related transport costs);(ii) ?virtual trade? in...