significance of total trade and exports in promoting economic growth in Botswana, but also the lack of growth impetus from imports …-based measures and a composite index. The trade-based measures capture the effects of total trade, exports, and imports while the … these findings, this study recommends that Botswana should pursue policies that boost the exports and total trade. However …

cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while exports and …This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia's economic growth using the ARDL … driven by exports, imports, and trade openness. The findings suggest that trade liberalisation and export-led growth are …

In this study, the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in Botswana is re … Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and the ECM-based Granger causality test to examine this linkage. Financial …. This finding points to the importance for Botswana to continue with the Vision 2036 and the National Development Plans that …

, imports, and per capita GDP growth to a “global” aid shock. We find that a global aid shock can affect exports, imports, and … ambiguous results in the existing literature. For most countries in the sample, when aid reduces exports and imports, it also … reduces growth; and, when aid increases exports and imports, it also increases growth. This evidence is consistent with a DD …