This paper aims to analyze factors explaining the capital structure puzzle in the banking sector of Pakistan. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is used as a proxy for bank capital structure. Secondary data has been collected from the publications of the State Bank of Pakistan and the annual reports...

In this paper, we revisit the relation between institutional factors and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in developing countries by employing a dynamic panel methodology, which enables us to deal with the persistency of FDI flows and endogeneity issues. We also contribute to the...

The “difference” and “system” generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators for dynamic panel models are growing steadily in popularity. The estimators are designed for panels with short time dimensions (T), and by default they generate instruments sets whose number grows quadratically...

The Arellano-Bond (1991) and Arellano-Bover (1995)/Blundell-Bond (1998) linear generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators are increasingly popular. Both are general estimators designed for situations with "small T, large N" panels, meaning few time periods and many individuals; with...