Since 1992, the central banks of the Baltic states and the Commonwealth of Independent States have undertaken comprehensive reform of their monetary and exchange arrangements in support of their stabilization efforts. Their efforts have been supported by extensive technical assistance provided...

The Global Financial Crisis inaugurated a profoundly transformative period for central banks and their independence. Two decades, with crises alternating with a new normal and eventually resulting in an inflation surge, and with multiple changes in the economic context and the contents and...

The polemic about the proper role of monetary policies and the appropriate functions of central banks has received renewed stimulus from a number of very current events. In Europe, the creation of a supranational central bank has been realized. In the United States and other industrial as well...