An experiment with the hawk-dove game showed that if players observe solely an arbitrary and trivial characteristic of their opponent (e.g. a colour label assigned randomly to each player at the outset), a pattern of discrimination may evolve (i.e. those possessing one of the two colours will...

The present paper illustrates the coordination problem with a standard two-person non-cooperative gae, with yields two Nash equilibria in pure strategies, one of which is Pareto dominated by the other.