The multilayer probability of informed trading (MPIN) model, developed by Ersan (2016), releases the assumption of single type of information events in the original PIN model of Easley et al. (1996). Identification of the number of layers in a dataset is applied through a layer detection...

Environmental regulations and their enforcement play a critical role in reducing emissions and their devastating effects on humanity and the environment. However, many developing countries have large informal sectors-accounting for more than 70 percent of total employment, that operate outside...

The extant literature concludes that binding short-sale constraints restrict negative information revelation because short sellers cannot trade to the full extent to reveal their information. However, it largely ignores information conveyed by informative sales. In contrast, our model predicts...