Entrepreneurship must necessarily involve actions under uncertainties. How is opportunity discovered and perceived that will eventually trigger and stimulate entrepreneurial action? An ongoing conversation in entrepreneurship concerns the clumsiness in the definition of opportunity – whether...

Entrepreneurial opportunity stimulates action. Does it only stimulate entrepreneurs to action? Or to non-entrepreneurs as well? What it is, and what it is not? Who is an entrepreneur? The concept of opportunity has been a bedrock in entrepreneurship research since Shane and Venkataraman’s...

Literatures on risks and opportunities are, mostly, separately discussed academically. In this paper, we shall treat opportunity and risk as both sides of the same coin. This paper sets out to develop a model of entrepreneurial action that takes its point of departure in combining...

The exploration of the driving force for venture creation and perpetuation on thermodynamic and kinetic terms provides a new way to understand entrepreneurial actions. Thermodynamic forces explain many natural phenomena from biological, chemical and physical mechanisms. This same thermodynamic...

This paper discusses the Chinese worldview on 公平正義 gongping zhengyi (fairness and justice) and correlates it with equilibrium and nonequilibrium. Moving far from equilibrium (away from fairness and justice) is a social phenomenon that warrants understanding as a science. The collective...

Entrepreneurship begins with a conviction in an opportunity belief, formed by available information, and an elementary quantity of action put in to pursue that opportunity. The study of entrepreneurship involves the exploration of the process and motion driven by the spectral distribution of...