The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (“the Credit CARD Act”) is a promising answer to the problem of implementing reforms that protect credit card users. The Credit CARD Act seeks to protect consumers from misleading and unfair techniques such as high...

Between the Civil War and World War II, every state and the federal government shifted toward codified versions of their statutes. Academia has so far ignored the systemic effects of this dramatic change. For example, the consensus view in the academic literature about rules and standards has...

The identities of all parties in this matter have been changed to maintain confidentiality. An investor claimed that a broker at a well established securities firm was churning her account and had placed her funds in an account that was not suitable, given her investment objectives. She retained...

This paper studies how CEO pay and its composition is shaped by strategic factors related to the firm's capacity to generate rents and value, the uncertainty of its resource advantage, and the competitive interaction between firm stakeholders and top management. This is done using an analytical...

The article aims at providing a linguistic and comparative perspective on financial markets governance by investigating the meanings and legal categories underlying the term “securities” in a multilingual society. It first illustrates how the term “securities” is not a straightforward...

The dispute settlement system of the WTO was faced with major challenges in its first few years. It has functioned very well in spite of serious pressures from the sheer number of cases that were brought; the increasing complexity and economic significance of disputes; the strict,short...

The fundamental aim of our analysis is to explain the microcredit impact for the exclusion. Otherwise, excluded is an unemployment that needs a job to live. Micro finance considers a market to employ outreach with micro loan product. Then, their beneficiary found a solution to be included in the...

We investigate the conditions for the desirability of exclusive intellectual property rights for innovators, as opposed to weak rights allowing for some degree of imitation and ex-post competition. The comparison between the two alternatives reduces to a specific "ratio test," which suggests...

For approximately eight years, Whole Foods Market, Inc. [Whole Foods] CEO John Mackey posted messages to Yahoo! Financial online message board for Whole Foods. Rather than using his real name, Mr. Mackey like many posters to chat rooms, created an online alter ego and posted his comments under a...