Globalization: current status and future prospect -- Trade: rhetoric and practice -- Foreign direct investment -- Economic environment -- Political and legal environment -- Social and cultural environment -- The foreign exchange market and the international monetary system -- Managing entry and...

We examine the relations between golden parachutes (GPs), pay-performance sensitivity (delta), and managerial risk-taking. We find an insignificant effect of GPs, but a negative and significant interaction of GPs with delta, on risk-taking. These results are consistent with the “takeover...

This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the effect of CEO tenure on risk-taking. We document an overall positive relation between tenure and risk-taking. The results are inconsistent with viewing tenure primarily as an indicator of human capital investment. Though we can not rule out the...

This paper documents that classified boards substantially reduce the cost of debt. The evidence is not consistent with the argument that bondholders benefit from board classification because they are concerned about hostile takeovers. Instead, the results suggest that the lessened concern for...

Using the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as a natural experiment, we document a non-monotonic relation between board independence and credit ratings. Ratings are upgraded with an exogenous increase of board independence only when independence is low, which is consistent with the costs as well as...

We find that firms that provide limited liability and indemnification for their directors enjoy higher credit ratings and lower yield spreads. We argue that such provisions insulate corporate directors from the discipline from potential litigation, and allow them to pursue their own interests by...

Using the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the associated change in listing standards as a natural experiment, we find that while board independence decreases the cost of debt when credit conditions are strong or leverage low, it increases the cost of debt when credit conditions are poor or...