We contend that the concept of liability of foreignness is inadequate to describe the set of disadvantages faced by emerging economy MNEs in international markets. In order to address this theoretical gap, we develop the concept of ‘liabilities of origin' (LOR). We propose that the concept of...

Concern of researchers and reviewers on incongruent theoretical exposition and inconclusive empirical results linking corporate social responsible (CSR) actions and firm performance, drives this paper to come up with a three-stage process model which explains how strategic CSR actions contribute...