corruption, even when citizens' “voice” leads to formal punishment with a relatively low probability …

This paper aims to contribute to the scholarly debates and efforts to understand and diagnose corruption and its … repertoires that go beyond mere economic interest and cannot be sufficiently explained by a mainstream view of corruption that … lens for understanding the emergence, explanation, persistence, and ubiquitousness of corruption …

economy may be trapped in a locally stable high-corruption, high-slavery equilibrium and major changes in government policies …

effect is strengthened in countries with lower level of public sector corruption and better functioning legal systems …