innovation. Yet, denying patents on research inputs can frustrate patent law’s broad goal to protect and promote advances in …The patent system gives the courts discretion to tailor patentability standards flexibly across technologies to provide … optimal incentives for innovation. For chemical inventions, the courts deem them unpatentable if the chemical lacks a …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

This paper describes the construction of a microlevel database on knowledge creation by higher education institutions … (KC-HEI), accompanying the Global Knowledge InputOutput database (KIO, Davies et al., 2023). The database was created as … European countries over four decades (1980-2019), using citation records and patent quality indicators from OECD/STI Micro …

Novelty is a basic requirement of patent law. An inventor cannot obtain a patent if the invention exists in the “prior … art,” a term that generally refers to knowledge and technology already in the public domain. Interestingly, an earlier …-filed patent document qualifies as prior art as of its filing date — even though the document does not become accessible to the …

Encouraging inventors to disclose new inventions is an important economic justification for the patent system, yet the … technical information contained in patent applications is often inadequate and unclear. This paper proposes a novel approach to … measure disclosure in patent applications using algorithms from computation allinguistics. Borrowing methods from the …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

Foundation (NSF), patents issued by the United States Patent Office (USPTO) to U.S. academic institutions more than doubled from …

Patent scope is one of the important aspects in the debates over “patent quality.” The purported decrease in patent …), decreased clarity, and questionable validity. Such patents allegedly diminish the incentives for innovation due to increased … licensing and litigation costs. However, these debates often occur without well-defined measurements of patent scope. This paper …