. Applying our measure to Egyptian household budget surveys, we estimate the population size of the middle class in Egypt and … people at the lower end of income distribution will graduate into the middle class category. The increase in poverty rates … and decline in the size of the middle class since 2005 indicates that the growth process in Egypt was anti-poor and anti …

Measures of unemployment and poverty have tended to focus solely on those currently unemployed or below the poverty … line. This approach has ignored the members of society that are vulnerable to becoming unemployed or falling into poverty … of becoming unemployed or falling into poverty, our standard measures of unemployment and poverty do not accurately …

poverty. We provide two empirical applications of our measure. First, we analyze the development of inequality in the US from …

fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …

fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …

addressing this challenge and providing methods for ethical poverty, welfare, and inequality comparisons with univariate ordered …

The paper contributes to the measurement of poverty and vulnerability in three ways. First, we propose a new approach … apply these tools to the measurement of chronic and transient poverty in China using a rich panel data set that extends over … to separating poverty into chronic and transient components. Second, we provide corrections for the statistical biases …