The World Trade Organization (WTO) linked intellectual property protection with trade. The WTO Agreement on Trade … to provide latitude to the Member States to tailor their national patent laws to fit their individual needs. In 2001, the … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique …

prevention of COVID-19. The aim of the report is to support national patent offices and interested parties in developing … countries with information that can serve as guidance for the examination of the claims contained in relevant patents or patent … applications. The antibody combination considered for the patent analysis in this paper are Casirivimab and Imdevimab. The vaccines …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …