This paper studies the life-cycle dynamics of exporters and multinational enterprises (MNEs). We present a dynamic model of trade and MNE activity in which the mode of serving a market depends on the well-known proximity-concentration tradeoff. We show that the option of performing MNE...

Firm entry and exit play a crucial role in spurring a reallocation of resources across firms as tariffs are reduced. In the light of the substantial trade reforms implemented in the Philippines over the last two decades, the paper examines the impact of trade reforms on the exit of domestic...

This paper investigates the productivity effects of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on Canadian manufacturing. It finds that Canadian tariff cuts increased exit rates among moderately productive non-exporting plants. This led to the reallocation of market share toward highly...

The gender wage gap increased significantly in Egypt over the last two decades, while female labor force participation rates have steadily declined. This study investigates the relationship between women's labor market outcomes in the manufacturing sector, the degree of industry concentration,...

Recent evidence suggests that tariff reductions from the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) generated substantial productivity gains in Canadian manufacturing. Using a comprehensive panel data set of 81 manufacturing industries over the 1983-1996 period, we shed new light on two potential...

Since 1983, Ghana has witnessed trade liberalization policies that were introduced as part of structural adjustment and economic recovery programmes and meant to open up the once closed economy. As part of such reforms, tariffs were reduced, and non-tariff trade barriers lessened. The adjustment...