trade politics. Variations in productivity and size lead to systematic variations in both market and political behaviors … others, while a large portion of producers is indifferent to trade-policy reform. The relationship between productivity and …

We investigate theoretically and empirically the role of wholesalers in mediating the productivity effects of trade … liberalization. Intermediaries provide indirect access to foreign produced inputs. The productivity effects of input tariff cuts on … firms experience productivity gains from reducing input tariffs if trade intermediation of foreign inputs within their …

liberalization. As a result, the aggregate productivity is affected by a reallocation of resources to more productive firms and a …

small losses to Armenia primarily due to a loss of productivity from lost varieties of technologies from the Rest of the …

) and endogenous productivity effects from services. I begin with a small stylized model to help understand the fundamental … accession that fails to incorporate FDI in services and endogenous productivity effects from additional services would yield an …

. Globalization is shown to induce heterogeneous responses across firms in terms of scope and productivity, some of which are …

finance productivity and technology improvements. Third, in terms of social welfare, no equivalence result between the effects …