determining any right or relief in relation to that property. This paper identifies the situs of patent …

determining patentable subject matter under the American Patent Act, is used as a starting point for a brief review of historical …, philosophical, and cultural influences on subject matter questions in both patent and copyright law. The article suggests that … patent and copyright law jurisprudence was constructed initially by the Court with explicit attention to the relationship …

exponential growth of patents claiming human DNA sequences might result in patent thickets, royalty stacking and, ultimately, a … inventions accessible for further use in research, diagnosis or treatment. The models include patent pools, clearing house … problems in the current gene patent landscape. • Descriptions of major models currently used to deal with patent thickets …

The role of individual inventors, small firms and entrepreneurs in the patent courts has become controversial for two … patents in cases filed in 2000 and 2002, we explore how the resolution of patent cases relates to the nature of the parties …. In particular, we examine whether individual inventors and entrepreneurs are ability to defend their patent rights and …

framework in which every innovation builds on previous inventions the standard argument for granting patent protection is no … Free/Open Source Software (FOSS). In a seminal paper Bessen and Maskin (2006) argue that in a dynamic sequential innovation …

forward protection reduces the rate of innovation and imposing a nonobviousness requirement reduces R&D spending. It is shown … that full protection against imitation, granted independently of the size of the lead, maximizes the average innovation … rate. -- Intellectual property rights ; persistent leadership ; cumulative innovation ; preemption ; forward protection …

a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for …We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … innovation. We associate the strength of IPR protection with the duration of a country's patents that are applied with national …

promote innovation and creative expression, and they protect investment. The promotion of innovation and protection of … the world are closely linked by new technologies and we share an interest in a stable and prosperous international …

observe export and patenting activities worldwide and at the product level. We exploit how heterogeneity of patent coverage … across (and within) product-country relates to exports. We find a patent premium of at least 10 percent, which is mainly …