This report examines how biodiversity co-benefits in REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) can be enhanced, both at the design and implementation level. It discusses potential biodiversity implications of different REDD design options that have been put forward in...

This article presents an integrated assessment of climate change, air pollution, and energy security policy. Basis of our analysis is the MERGE model, designed to study the interaction between the global economy, energy use, and the impacts of climate change. For our purposes we expanded MERGE...

The society has limited resources to meet several objectives such as economic growth, poverty alleviation and environmental protection. These objectives compete for resources and may conflict with each other. For example, economic growth may increase environmental degradation and environmental...

After 1990, the financial analysis of the phenomena that occur in firms has grown in importance. Financial analysts face new challenges as a result of Romania’s accession to the European Union. A thorough analysis of the investment decisions is required in order to access structural funds....

Natural resource management (NRM) typically involves complex decision problems that affect a wide variety of stakeholder values. Efficient NRM that achieves the greatest environmental, social and financial net benefits, necessitates assessments of the environmental impacts, costs and benefits of...

It is not immediately clear how to discount distant-future events, like climate change, when the distant-future discount rate itself is uncertain. The so-called “Weitzman-Gollier puzzle” is the fact that two seemingly symmetric and equally plausible ways of dealing with uncertain future...

This paper reports the European experience with a basket currency, the ECU. The ECU was initially introduced as a reference unit and later became the anchor of the European Monetary System. Public policy was complemented by private sector initiatives and use of the ECU for denomination of...

Uncertainty and learning play an important role in addressing the problem of climate change. In stylized game-theoretic models of international environmental treaty formation, which capture the strategic interactions between nations, it has been shown that learning usually has a negative impact...

In many countries, health care reforms are being made with the purpose of stimulating actors to make economically sound decisions. Recent attempts in The Netherlands encompass the development and introduction of integrated health care arrangements. Since these arrangements are directly tailored...