Transportkosten auf ein System von Städten, die gleichmäßig auf einer Geraden angeordnet sind. Für den Fall steigender Transportkosten … peripheren Städte Einwohner verlieren. -- Transportkosten ; Agglomeration ; Städtesysteme …

of 80 countries show how the relevance of the key NEG variable, market access, depends upon the trade costs specification …

emerging as market equilibrium is "bubble-shaped", i.e. it features dispersion of firms both at high and low trade costs and … trade costs. Our central finding is that the market equilibrium is characterised by over-agglomeration for high trade costs … intermediate range of trade costs, the market equilibrium yields the socially optimal degree of agglomeration. An important …

market effect (HME) in literature. While the wages in the large region are always higher, the HME in industrial distribution …