We analyze the classical inventory model with backordering, where the inventory position is controlled by an order level, order quantity policy. The cost for a backorder contains a fixed and a time-proportional component. Demand can be driven by any discrete process. Order lead times may be...

The Croston (1972. Forecasting and stock control for intermittent demands. Operational Research Quarterly 23, 289-303) method is the standard method for forecasting intermittent demand. It has been shown to perform well in various studies and is available in most commercial forecasting packages....

Croston's forecasting method (CR) has been shown to be appropriate in dealing with intermittent demand items. The method, however, suffers from a positive bias as discussed by Syntetos and Boylan [Syntetos, A.A., Boylan, J.E., 2005a. The accuracy of intermittent demand estimates. International...